Automobile.



No. 876,070. I PATNLHU (MN. i968 W. W. MAFAHREN.

AUTUMOBILE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY2s.1:mG.

7 SHEMSSHEET 1.

Til

il H

n n nu un nu FIG. 1

ii Il U Il y g WITNESSES. l INVENTOR.

PAFHNTBD JAN.

W. W. MAGFARHEN,

AUTOMOBLE.

APPLUAMON FILED JULY e3, mm.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

wz-rNEssEs.

PATENTE-ED JAN. 7, 1008 W. W. MAGFARREN.

AUTOMOBILE.

,-JHLNATION FILED JULY2s.19uG.

No. 876,070. PATENTED JAN. 7, 1008.

W. W. MAGFARRBN'.

AUTOMQBILB.

APPLICATION FILEDA JULY 23.1006.

7 SHEETSSHEET 4.

PATENTBD JAN. 7, 1908.

W. W. MACFARREN.

AUTOMOBILE.

APPLIUATION FILED JULY 23. 190s.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

i DIIIIM" 7 SHEETS-SHEBT 7.

PATENTBD JAN. 7? 1908.

W. W. MAGFARREN.

AUTOMOBILE APPLICATION FILED JULYzs.190G.

LL u

`lUNITED STATES PATENT oEEicE.

wALrEifiw. MACPABREN, or PIfivrsBURe, PENNSYLVANIA, As'sIeNoE 'ro WILLIAM n.

- noNNEE, or PITTsBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

AUTOMOBILE.

Specification of Letters Patent...`

c Patented Jan. 7, 1908.

Appiictatn fiiearniy 28.1906. semi Nt. 327.328.

To all whoin it may concern:

Be it known that I, WALTER W. MAoFAn- REN, a resident of Pittsburg, in the county of Allegheny and.` State of Pennsylvania,.

h'ave invented a new and useful 1m reve'- inent in Automobiles; and I do here y declare the following to `be a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

My .invention relates'to automobiles, andl of a single motor to all four wheels of the vehicle; to provide for an equal' braking effect on all four wheels to incase and protect the driving mechanism; tol' rovide a i simple, substantial and very flexib e running gear, and to provide improved means for steering all four `wheels by means of which Iv can steer both the front and rear wheels independently by hand, or simultaneously, by hand or power, in the same or opposite directions, and by which I may also steer the 'front wheels independently by power.

Tothese ends my invention comprises the novel features hereinafter set forth and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings Figure l is a side view Aol an automobile embodying j'my invention; Fig. 2 is a plan view showing tion; Fig. i is a detail of the lever mechanism for steering by power; Figs. S and 9 are sectional views showing the action of the clutch gear in steering; Fig. 10 is an enlarged detail of aportion of the hub; and

-propelled vehicles. :n ates the body or frame of such a vehicle` Figs. `11 and 12 are diagrammatic views illustrating the position ,of lthe wheels in steering.V

In tihe accompanying drawings l have illustrated my invention in connectionwith va large truck or dray for the hauling of heavy loads, and to `which my invention is particularly applicable, although itv may be Iappliedfto any of the many lforms of sell"- 'lhe numeral 2 desigwh'ich is supported by the trucks 3.

The engine 4 may be of any suitable type, and is connected by a chain drive to thc sprocket-wheel 5 on the shaft 6, which is inclosed within the sleeve'or casing 7. On the shaft 6 is the pinion 8,.which meshes with the gear 9 on the sleeve 10, which is loosely mounted on the shaft 11. Acasing 10a is connected to the sleeve 10 and 'mounted on thestubs 10b are the bevel inions 10". These 'pinions 10c mesh with t e bevel gears 13 and 1,3?, keyed to the shaft sections 11 and 12, respectively. It will be apparent that bOthshaft sections 11 and 12 will be driven in the saine direction and a differential gear isl provided for any 'variation in speed of rotation of said sections, due to passing over uneven places in the roadway. brake band 13b surrounds the casing 10.

The shafts 11 and 12, together with the.

gear, and differential ear mechanism, are all inclosed within the-s ell 14, which is .made up of parts bolted together and extends from one' axle to' the other, so as to inclose all the parts and guard them from dust and dirt. VThe shell 14 is secured rigidly to the frontbody by the bolts 14, and at .its rear end enters the sleeve 14b so as to. turn freely therein. Acollar '14 is screwedon to the shell 14 to prevent its withdrawal from the sleeve 14". The shell may be termed arcachbar, and the rear axle casing with its vsleeve 14b is adapted to move independently of the reach-bar. Eitherf'of the rear wheels may descend into a rut .and 'the' axle assumes its Vposition without aifectingp'' the reach-bai'.

preferably arranged to therein, while at its op osite end it is rigidly connected to the front ody bythe bolts 14a.

At the end of the shafts 11 and 12are the bevel pinions 15, which mesh with the bevel gears 16 'upoirthe axle shafts 17 and' 18, being the front and rear axles respectively. As the saine construction is followed on both axles a description of one will sul'lice. The

it". Access is had to this chamber 15V by means of the door 18d for the purpose here` The middle section ol the axlev easing forms the chamber two parts, 19 and 20, and a' differ'entialgear 21 is employed at the point of'conneetion of 'rol the two parts of .the axle, the saine as einployed above, so as to provide for the variations in s eed of` rotation of said axle sections., Tg

.differential .gear 21 areall Vcontained'within the chamberV 18C and by reason of the door 18d these parts are all readlly accessible for purposes of inspection and' repair. The

` differential gear 21 is also provided with a brake 21a. L Y

On the 'outer ends of fthe axle sections 19 and 2O are the clutches 22, whichare adapted to'slide upon the axles; and springs 23 are interposed between-the collars 22a. on said axles and said clutches so as to norinally. force said clutches outward. These clutches are feathered to. theaxles so as to rotate therewith. These clutches 22 engage corresponding clutches 24 on the whee1s,.and

in this mannerthe wheels 25 are drivenl. .`The construction :of these l"clutch faces is clearly shown in Figs. 8 andv 9, there being two sets of teeth in each clutch face, the inner set 26 engaging for thefull. depth of the teeth while the outer set 27 only engages for part of their depth so as to provide for the throwing of the wheel at an angle in steering, as fully hereinafter set forth. Annular flanges 27a divide the rows of teeth,

' vand said iianges are adapted to bear against each other for the purpose of keeping the l teeth of the clutches in proper engagement.- By this construction it is apparent tchat the axle shaft and stub shaft are'in operative lhub 25a.

engagement 'with .each other `whether said shafts are in line with each other or intersect each other, as indicated in Fig).

rl`he clutches 24 form part of the stub axles 24a, which pass through the laxle-boxes 28. A .threaded bolt 241 secures the hub 25a to the stub-axle 24a.v On the other end of stub-axle 24u are the teeth 24", which mesh with corresponding teeth 25b on the The hub 25a has also the'teeth 25c which engage the teeth 25d in the collar 25 of the wheel. Roller bearings 25f are provided. By the above construction the power is transmittedfrom the stub-axles to the Wheels.

The wheels are ,pivotally mounted so as to turn independently on the main axles. The axle-boxes 28 are provided with the brackets 28a-through which Ithe bolts 29 'pass to swivel the wheels to the axle casing.

way the said bolts 4rigidly connectthe sepa! rate lugs of the brackets ZSin such a man.- ner that all four of said bracket lugs support the weight of 'the Wheel.' By having e bevel-gears 15 and 16v and the ence to the seat'of the vehicle is the handwheel'SO, lwhich islieyed to the shaft 31 andv dial steering.

'V avena@ said'brackets above and below thelaxle, the

wheel is. more evenly balanced and supported. The construction of the-,wheels may vary and avs the .particular make-up of the wheel forms no part of my invention, 1 have not` described the same in detail.

Locatedin convenient position with refercontrols the rear wheels. rlfhisshaft $1 has at its lower end the bevel gear32, which meshes with the bevel Agear 33 on the'shaft The shaft 31 passes down throughthe hollow shaft' 35 ,.aiulto'this hollow shaft 35' is keyed the hand-.wheel 36, which controls the front wheels. At the' lower end of the hollow shaft 3 5 i`s the bevel gear 37 which meshes with'the' bevel gear 3S on the hollow shaft 3Q which surrounds the shaft 34.

Keyed tix-the hollow shaft 35 is the 'clutch 39, and pinned to the wheel 3 0 is'thecl'utch 40. 42 loosely mounted onfthe hollow shaft 35. A pinion s12S-is loosely mounted upon` the stub or pin 44, and said pinion meshes with the bevel gear 45 keyed to the' hollow sh'aft 35. Above thewheel 30 is the cam latch 46 with the pin 47 adapted to enter the recess 48 in the shaft 31., The pin 47 has the slot 47 through which the )1n 3Q passes, connected to the hub()b of t ie wheel 30..

A clutch 41 is pinned vto the bevel gear The wheel 30 controls the rear wheels Y of the vehicle and `the wheel 36 controls the front wheels, so that said wheels may be steered independentlyof' each other. Through the clutch mechanism described, however, all four wheels may be operated by the hand-wheel 3() and this clutch mechanism is lcontrolled bythe latch 46. By throwing the latch to the right, the clutch 40 will be thrown up into engagement with the clutch 39, so asto operate both the'front and rearwheels in opposite directions, to produce ra the opposite direction, the clutch .40 may he 'thrown into engagement with the clutch 4l worms '50, which .are adapted to, engage the quadrants 51 pivoted at 52. These quad rants have the arms .53 which are connected tothe links .54. secured to'` the arms 55 upon By throwing the latch ,46 in lio the brackets 28, by means of which the wheels areswiveled on the bolts or pins 2). lt is apparentthat ,by rotating 'the shaft 34 and the worm'() .through the connectionsdescribed, the rear wheels are turned in either direction as desired.

1n case it isdesired to operate the steering mechanism by pover transmitted from the engine, l provide the friction wheel 56 upon the hollowshaft 35, said friction wheel to be driven in opposite directions as desired by means of thev frictic pinion, 57, which is adapted to engage the opposite faces of said friction pulley. This friction pinion 57 is mountedon the stub-shaft 58 which carries the sprocket-wheel- 59 connnectedto the engine shaft, or to the transmission. A leverl 60 is employed for throwing the friction pinion 57 into engagement with opposite faces of the .friction wheel, 56, in order to change the dirction-of rotation of the shaft 35. `Itis apparent that by throwing the clutch mech-` anism'so as to bring the shafts 31 and 35 into enga ement bthlthefront andrear wheels not .described form the subject matter of an i `11 fnd' 12, and thence to the axles.

. May, 1906,`Serial e voperated si'multaneousl by the O'Werrme'chnisni described. T e s rings or supporting the vehicle body'which have applicatie 'filed by me on the 28th day of to. 319,126.- Whenmy invention is in use the power willbe transmitted from the engine throu h the sprocket wheel 5 and shaft 6 to the shafts.

The-rotation of the axleswith th'ecltuches 2 2 in engagement with the clutches 24 Will'act to drive thewheels and so propel the vehicle. When it is desired to turn a curve the operator, by turninggthe hand-wheel 36 inthe proper direction, throws the front wheels .into the proper position for turning, and at the same time throws the rear wheels into the opposite direction',l as clearly indicated in the diagrammatic view Fig. l1. In this manner both the front and rear wheels are operated positively in turning so that the vehicle may be turned about a shorter r'a-. dius. and in less space than if only-one set of 4Wheels are steered, and the rear wheels assume the proper line to conform with the circle made by the vehicle in turning.- In case it is desired to'diive the vehicle from the center of the street to the curb, the

' o erator is able to throw all four wheels into t e saine direction by operating the latch so as to throw the clutch on the wheel 30 into 'engagement with the clutch 41 onA the hollow shaft 35, so `that by the turning of the wheel 30 both sets of wheels are turned inthe saine direction as indicated in Fig. l2. In this way the .vehicle may be shifted sidewise, re-

`maining always parallel to its former line of direction. 'in the shifting of the wheels in steering, it-is apparent that the teeth on one (jfl side. of the clutches 22 and 24 will be thrown yout of engagement, while those onvthe other half will be engaged so that the' power is transmitted from the axles to the wheels.

.in such case the clutches 22 are forced back on the axles and the springs 23 compressed. By my invention, therefore, I provide for the driving of the four wheels of theI vehicle in a positive manner, any difference in the speed of rotation being taken up by the differential gears provided, while at they same time l the parts are aise inrlosed so as to protect the running frein dust and rlirt. 4r'nithermore, the steering mechanism' provided makes it possible to steer the front wheels independently or simultaneously with the rear wheels, so that said .wheels maybe thrown in opposite 'directions or in the same direction, as may be desired, byt either hand or g power.

What .Iclaii is:

' 1. The combination with a vehicle, of

steering mechanism comprising ay substantially vertical sectional steering shaft, connection between each section of said shaft and a pair of wheels to steer thesame, anda clutch. mechanism adapted to :connectfthe said shaft sections so that they will.iotate either in thesarne or opposite directions.a

2. The combination Awithva vehicle, of' a substantially vertical sectional steering shaft, connections between each of said shaft sec: tioiisi'and aA pair of wheels to steel` the same, a

Fhand wheel connected to one of saidushaft sections, a second hand wheel connected to the other ofsaid shaftsectioiis, each hand wheel operating a different pair of wheels'f'/ and a clutch mechanisi'nadapted to connect the said first shaft section with the said seci ond shaft section whereby all four Wheels' may be steered by the use of one'hand wheel simultaneously ineither direction.

3. The combination with avehicle, of a pair of hand wheels, connections between said hand wheels and 'the Avehicle wheels rto steer the same independently of 'each other, and means for connecting saidhand wheels` to rotate in opposite directions.l

I4. The combination with a vehicle, `of axles, pivotally mounted wheels, two rotative shafts, one for the front wheels and one for the rear, connections between said shafts and said wheels to steer the same, an opeiative shaft normally, in .driving engagement with one of said shafts, a second operative shaft normally in driving engagement with Y.

l tive'shafts, one for the front wheels and one for the rear, connections between saidshafts and said wheels to steer the same, an operativo shaft iiorniallyvin driving engagement; with one of said shafts, a secondoperative shaft normally in driving engagement with the other shaft, clutches on one of saidoperatiye shafts, a movable clutch on the other of -said operative shafts between said first named clutches, a cam latch for moving said movable ciutch into engagement with either of 'said clutches on said other operative shaft,

and reverse mechanism on said-last named shaft.

`6. .ln a vehicle, tno combination of 'four steerable wheels, means for steering either the front or roar wheels inde )endently by hand, or all ioni' wheels simultaneously by "hand, .andi-means for steering the iront wheels only or all i'oiir wheels by power.

'7. in a vehicle, the combination of four steerable wheels, an engine or motor, means for steering theiroiit wheels only, vor the front and rear wheels simultaneously by p'owei'irom said engine ormotor.

shalt, and connections'between said operative shalt and a motor or engine.

'10. ln vehicle, tiie combination otaxles, pivotally mounted front and rear wheels, two rotative shafts, one for the iront and one ior the `rearwheels, connections between said shafts aiid'said wheels to steer the same, an operative shaft normally in driving engag-ement with one of said shaft a second .A

operative shaft normally in engagement with tlie'otner slialt, a motor or engine, means for bringing Said operative shafts intoengagcl ment with each other, and connections between'. said operative shal'ts and said motor or engine.

11.- ln vehicles, the combination of axles, of p'ivotalliv mounted iront and rear wheels, two rotative snails, one for the iront and one for the rear 'cipolle connections ,beiiweenfsaid shafts and said ix .eels to steer the same, an operative shai't iioimally .in .di'iifingengage-Y ment with one o iid shafts, a second opera- 1 l n 1 q ,tiveshait normally in engagement with the other shaft, means for bringing 'said operative shafts into engagement with each other, a i'rictional pulley on one oisaid operative shafts, a friction pinion adapted to engage opposite i'aces oi said pulley to'reverse the direction of rotation, an engine or motor, and

means lfor drivingl said pinion l'rom said engine or motor.'

12. ln vehicles, tlvl combination oi' a liorizontal worm shaft, a worin on said shaft, a worm sector engaged by said worm and connected'to a pairoi wheels to steer the same,

'a hand wheel connected to -said worm shaft,

a second horizontal worin shalt, a worm on said shaft, a worin. sector engaged by said worm and connected to a second pair of wheels to steer the saine, and a second hand 4clutch on said wheel engaged thereby.

row of teeth, and a clutch with a like inner able engine or motor, an axle driven thereby,

wheel connected to said second worm 'shaft to steer said second pair'of wheels. ,13f In vehicles, four steerable wheels, a worm shaft parallel to the longitudinal ce'nter line of lthe vehicle, a worm mounted on` said shaft adapted to .steer a pair of wheels, 70

'a second worin mounted on said shaft and adapted to steer the second pair of wheels, a hand wheel, andl'connections between said hand wheel and said worm shaft to control the movement of the saine.

, 75 14. In vehicles,the combination oi a snitable engine or motor, an axle driven thereby,

pivotally mounted wheels, a'spring actuated toothed clutch on said axle, and a'clutch on, said wheel engaged thereby.

15. in vehicles, the combination of a suitable engine, or motor, an axle driven thereby, pivot-ally mounted wheels, a yielding cir cular toothed clutchon said axle, and a 16. ln vehicles, the combination of asu'it'- able engine or motor, an axle driven. thereby, pivotally mounted lwheels, a yielding eireular toothed clutch having an inner and outer and' outer row of teeth on said wheel engaged thereby.. l

1 17. in vehicles, thecombination of a suit-y ivotally mounted wheels, a yielding cilcuar toothed clutch having an inner and outer l row of teeth, and a` clutch with a like row of teeth on said wheel engaged thereby, the inner,I `'sets of teeth overlapping more than the outer.

18. In vehicles, the combination of a suitable engine or motor, an axle driven thereby, pivo'tally 'mounted wheels, a yielding'circular toothed clutch having an innerI and outer row of teeth, and a clutch lwith a like innerand outer row of teeth on said Vwheel engaged thereby, with annular flanges between said rows adapted to engage each other.

19. in vehicles, ythe combination oi, an axle, a'stub axle pivoted thereto, a driving 110 shaft carried by said axle, a wheel on said stub axle, a' second driving shaft connected to said wheel, and a spring yactuated clutch connecting said driving shafts.

20.1111 vehicles, the combination of an axle, a stub axle pivoted thereto, adriving shaft carried by said axle, a wheel mount-ech on said stubaxle, a toothed clutch member carried by said driving shaft,v a second toothed clutch member meshing with the iirst chitch ,memben and connections between said second member and the wheel to drive the latter.

il. in vehicles, the combination of an axle, a driving shaft carried therein, a stub axle pivoted to said axle, a wheel mountedthereon, and a pair of clutch gears for transmitting power between the driving'shaft and roo l toothed clutch when the axle and stub axle' the wheel, said clutch gears acting like .a

are.` in lineI and like a bevel gear when the same are at an angle to each other.

22. In vehicles, the combination oi an axle,a stub axlepivoted thereto, a driringi shaft carried by said axle, a Wheel mounted,

on said stub axle, a yielding circular toothed clutch member on said driving shaft meshing with a corresponding clutch member n1 driving connection with the Wheel.

Invehlcles, the eombmatmn oi two .shafts normally in line but capable of being .thrown in position at an angleto each other, l

toothed clutches on said shafts in engagement with each other, a .flange on each of said clutches llmitmg their' engagement, and

. a spring for holding said clutches in mesh.

24. 1n vehicles, the combination of Wheels,

axles, and a torsionally flexible reach harconnecting said axles and rigidly fastened to said axles.

l In vehicles, the combination of wheels,

` axle easings, and a torsionally llexible-`a1id g laterallyrigid reach bnr connecting said axle l easings and rigidlyfastened thereto.

.l 26. I11Vehieles; th ecombinationof wheels, axles., a tubular reaeh bar connecting said axles, said' reaelnbur being' arranged to one side of the longitudinal eener line ofthe Vehielo, a power shaft within said Ieaeh bal',

l and eolmeetions between said power shaft andsaid wheels.

ln testimoinV whereolyllthe said VVALTER W. MACE-mures', have hereunto set my hand.

i unir/Flou wfjnxeiamnex.

Yi t nesses M, l). YOGEL,

F. W. WINTER. 

